REPORTS/GUIDELINES

Levelling Up the United Kingdom (2022). HM Government. Policy paper which sets out how we will spread opportunity more equally across the UK

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022 (2022). American Diabetes Association (ADA). Latest guidelines from ADA

IDF Diabetes Atlas (2022). International Diabetes Federation. 10th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas

Pre-conception – advice and management (2021). National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). NICE guidelines on preconception care

Policy Statement – Food Fortification (2021), BDA. Policy statement regarding fortification of foods, including folic acid in flour.

Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies- Clinical Guideline CG62 (2019), National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). Clinical guidelines including lifestyle considerations for pregnancy.

Physical activity guidelines (2019). UK Chief Medical Office. Guidance from the Chief Medical Officers in the UK on the amount and type of physical activity people, including during pregnancy, should be doing to improve their health.

Health matters: reproductive health and pregnancy planning (2018). Public Health England (PHE).This professional resource focuses on reproductive choice and ensuring that pregnancy, if desired, occurs at the right time and when health is optimised

Language Matters: Language and diabetes (2018). NHS. Information around communicating using appropriate language for positive outcomes in those with living with diabetes and pregnancy

Preconception care: making the case (2018). Public Health England (PHE). Information, intelligence and tools with evidence-based approaches for how preconception care can be embedded

Antenatal care – Quality Standard QS22 (2016), NICE. Quality standards into antenatal care, including advice on risk of gestational diabetes.

Maternal and child nutrition – Quality Standard QS98 (2015), NICE. NICE advice into how to eat healthily in pregnancy.

Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period (2015). NICE. Guidelines on gestational diabetes identification and management

Maternal and child nutrition (updated 2014), NICE. Public health guidelines by NICE, first published in 2008.

Vitamin D: supplement use in specific population groups (2014), NICE. Vitamin D recommendations and requirements including during pregnancy.

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for iodine (2014), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Requirements for iodine during pregnancy.

SACN Statement on Iodine and Health (2014), Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN). An overview of the current evidence into iodine deficiency in the UK and iodine requirements, including during pregnancy.

Weight management before, during and after pregnancy (2010), NICE. Guidelines on body weight management during and after pregnancy.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001), Institute of Medicine (IOM). US requirements, including requirements for micronutrients during pregnancy.

STUDIES/RESEARCH

Worldwide growth of veganism. The Vegan Society. A selection of statistics about veganism, both in the UK and around the world

IDF Diabetes Atlas (2022). Wang et al.  Estimation of Global and Regional Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence for 2021 by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group’s Criteria

A Systematic Review of Clinical Guidelines for Preconception Care (2022). Dorney E et al. Identifying existing freely accessible international preconception care guidelines, and assess these in terms of quality and level of evidence

Prevention of Gestational Diabetes (2022). Schoenaker D et al. The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies

An integrated primary care-based programme of PRE-Pregnancy cARE to improve pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 Diabetes (2022). Forde R et al. The PREPARED study: protocol for a multi-method study of implementation, system adaptation and performance

Political veganism: an empirical analysis of vegans’ motives, aims, and political engagement (2021). Kalte, D. (2021). Study contributing to the understanding of political participation in current times, and the insights gained may prove useful to vegan movement groups or the food industry

Preconception exposures and adverse pregnancy, birth and postpartum outcomes (2021). Daly et al. Umbrella review of systematic reviews

Associations between lifestyle interventions during pregnancy and childhood weight and growth (2021). Raab et al. A systematic review and meta analysis finding that lifestyle interventions in pregnancy have no effect on childhood BMI

1 in 4 Brits cut back on animal products during Covid-19 pandemic (2021). The Vegan Society. Survey showing the reduction in the amount of animal products consumed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic

An integrated pre-pregnancy care programme framework theoretically modelled from the perspectives of women with Type 2 diabetes and healthcare professionals (2021). Forde R et al. This paper seeks to inform the development of an integrated pre-pregnancy care programme by presenting strategies identified by women with Type 2 diabetes and healthcare professionals that address some of the barriers they experience in relation to pre-pregnancy care

How can maternal lifestyle interventions modify the effects of gestational diabetes in the neonate and the offspring? (2020).  Mitanchez D et al. A systematic review of meta-analyses to assess the benefit for the offspring of maternal lifestyle interventions, including diets and physical activity, to prevent or to improve GDM and to limit excessive GWG

Prevention of Gestational Diabetes (2020). Schoenaker D et al. The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies

Cohort profile: the eLIXIR Partnership (2020). A maternity–child data linkage for life course research in South London, UK

Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy on Bone Mineralization in Offspring Until Age 6 Years (2020). Brustad et al. Study suggesting that an increased vitamin D intake during pregnancy has the potential to promote greater bone health in the offspring

Multiple Health Benefits and Minimal Risks Associated with Vegetarian Diets (2019). Rocha J. Study investigating the health concerns of following a vegetarian diet

A qualitative study exploring the factors that influence the uptake of pre-pregnancy care among women with Type 2 diabetes (2019). Forde R et al. Study looking into the views and experiences of women with Type 2 diabetes and healthcare professionals relating to the pregnancy and pre-pregnancy care they have received or provided

Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health (2018). Stephenson et al. A proposal of novel definitions of the preconception period relating to embryo development and actions at individual or population level

Effect of diet and physical activity based interventions in pregnancy on gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes (2017). The International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) Collaborative Group. Meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials finding that diet and physical activity based interventions during pregnancy reduce gestational weight gain and lower the odds of caesarean section

Effect of a behavioural intervention in obese pregnant women (the UPBEAT study) (2015). A multicentre, randomised controlled trial finding that a behavioural intervention addressing diet and physical activity in women with obesity during pregnancy is not adequate to prevent gestational diabetes

Maternal Vitamin A Supplementation and Lung Function in Offspring (2010). Checkley et al. Study showing maternal repletion with vitamin A at recommended dietary levels before, during, and after pregnancy improved lung function in offspring

PRACTICAL RESOURCES

Pregnancy Hub. Tommy’s. Midwife-led information hub covering many aspects about having a safe and healthy pregnancy, from conception to birth

Ready for Pregnancy. NHS & more. #ReadyforPregnancy Campaign

Planning Your Pregnancy (2020). NHS. Practical information for anyone trying for a baby with lifestyle advice

Pregnancy and Diet (2019). British Dietetic Association (BDA). Food fact sheet

Gestational Diabetes (2019). NHS. Practical information around Gestational Diabetes

The Eatwell Guide (2019). The National Health Service (NHS). Practical guide to healthy eating

Folic Acid (2019), British Dietetic Association (BDA). Advice for folic acid requirements during pregnancy and how to meet them

Everyday Life With Gestational Diabetes (2019), Diabetes UK. Practical advice for pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes

Iodine (2019), BDA. All about iodine including advice for pregnant women

How do I watch my weight during pregnancy? (2018), Nutrition and Diet Resources (NDR). A comprehensive leaflet available for dietitians to order, giving advice for women with a BMI of 25kg/m2 or over at the start of their pregnancy

Carbs & Cals Gestational Diabetes (2018). Chris Cheyette.100 Recipes Designed by Diabetes Specialist Dietitians

Being overweight during pregnancy and after birth (2018), RCOG. Guide to having a higher body mass index during pregnanc

Eating well for a healthy pregnancy, a practical guide (2017), First Steps Nutrition Trust. A comprehensive practical guide for healthy nutrition during pregnancy

A Nutrition Guide for pregnancy & breastfeeding (2017), The Vegan Society. A useful guide designed to help those following a vegan diet eat well during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Pregnancy and Diet (2016), BDA. Healthy eating pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy

Carbs & Cals Carb & Calorie Counter (2016). Chris Cheyette. Count Your Carbs & Calories with Over 1,700 Food & Drink Photos

Healthy eating and vitamin supplements in pregnancy (2014), RCOG. Healthy eating  in pregnancy

MYNUTRIWEB CONTENT

Early Life Masterclass (2021). Full day online masterclass covering preconception, pregnancy and early childhood

Iodine Deficiency In the UK: Who Is At Risk? (2019). Dr Sarah Bath outlines the role of iodine and explains the evidence for iodine deficiency in UK pregnant women

SOCIAL MEDIA AND WEBSITES

@Lifecourse_KCL (Twitter) for Kings College London

@BDAMaternal (Twitter) and @bda_maternalandfertility (Instagram) & BDA Maternal Health (Website) for the specialist maternal and fertility BDA group

@NHS_Parents (Twitter) @start4lifeuk (Instagram) and NHS Start 4 Life (Website) for NHS Start 4 Life

@D_Schoenaker (Twitter) for Dr Danielle Schoenaker

@Preconception UK (Twitter) for the UK Preconception Partnership